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1 (Important News Clippings) पत र स चन क य र लय भ रत सरक र प रध नम त र क य र लय 28-अप र ल-2016 आईआरएनएसएस-1 ज क सफल प रक ष पण क ब द प रध नम त र क वक तव य क म ल प ठ म सबस पहल ISRO क सभ व ज ञ नक क और ISRO क प र ट म क दय स बह त बह त ध यव द करत ह, उनक अ भन दन करत ह म सव स कर ड़ द शव सय क भ इस नए नजर न क लए अन क अन क श भक मन ए द त ह प स स इ स म भ रत क व ज ञ नक न अ वरथ प ष थर करक अन क स द धय प र त क ह और आज द श अन भव कर रह ह प स स इ स क म यम स स म य म न वक क ज वन म भ कतन बदल व ल य ज सकत ह ट क न ल ज मन य क ज वन म भ कस प रक र स उपक रक ह सकत ह और भ रत क प स ट क न ल ज क क ष त र म पद पर ण भ रत क स म य म नव क ज दग म बदल व क लए, यव थ म स ध र क लए, स गमत क लए एक बह त बड़ भ मक अद कर रह ह आज न वग शन क क ष त र म भ रत न अपन 7व स ट ल ईट ल च कय ह स त स ट ल ईट, एक क ब द एक सफलत प वर क ल च कय गए और इस स द ध क क रण आज भ रत द नय क उन प च द श म आज गवर क स थ खड़ ह गय क जसम उसक अपन GPS स टम, उसक अपन न वग शन स ट ल ईट स टम न मर त ह गय आज तक हम GPS स टम क लए अ य द श क यव थ ओ पर

2 नभर र थ आज हम आ म नभर र बन ह हम र र त हम तय कर ग, क स ज न, कह ज न, क स पह चन, यह हम र अपन ट क न ल ज क म यम स ह ग और इस लए भ रत क व ज ञ नक न आज 125 कर ड़ द शव सय क एक अनम ल त हफ दय ह हम ज नत ह क आज क इस य ग म ज प एस स टम क बह त बड़ र ल ह गय ह हम र एक मछ आर भ इस यव थ क तहत मछल क क च कह य द ह, मछल क च करन क लए कह ज न च हए, shortest route क नस ह ग यह अब भ रत य स ट ल ईट क म गर दशर न म क म कर प य ग आसम न स उसक र त दख य ज एग म जल क पक क address तय कय ज एग अब हम र वम न क अगर ल ड करन ह त बह त सरलत स, accuracy क स थ अपन भ रत य यव थ स वह कर प य ग कह क ईdisaster ह गय, बह त बड़ प र क तक आपद ह गय, उस थ त म क स मदद पह च न ह, कह पह च न ह, specific location क य ह ग, यह स र यव थ ए इस भ रत य उपग रह क व र ज नय यव थ वक सत ह य ह, उसक क रण ल भ मलन व ल ह इसक क षमत इतन ह क क म र स क य क म र,क छ स क म प तक वह भ रत क हर क न क त स व द ग ह द ग ल कन इसक अ त रक त 1500 वगर कल म टर area म भ अगर क ई स व ए ल न च हत ह त भ उसक यह स व ए उपल ध ह ग कहन क मतलब यह ह क हम र पड़ स क ज SAARC द श हमस ज ड़ ह ए ह वह भ अगर भ रत क इस स व क उपय ग करन च हत ह क य क आज व भ द नय क कस न कस द श क स व ए ल करक अपन ग ज र करत ह अब भ रत भ, अगर वह च हत ह त यह स व उनक उपल ध कर सकत ह एक प रक र स स दय पहल हम र न वक सम दर म क द ज त थ, सत र क सह र, च द र और स यर क ग त क सह र वह अपन र ह तय करत थ और म जल पर पह चन क प रय स करत थ स दय स हम र न वक अनज न जगह पर पह चत थ और उनक सह र ह आ करत थ आसम न सत र, च द र और स यर क ग त क सह र वह अपन र त तय करत थ अब वज ञ न क मदद स हम इस स ट ल ईट और ट क न ल ज क म यम स इस क म क करन ज रह ह भ रत क मछ आर, भ रत क न वक सम दर म स हस क स थ चलन व ल हम र स दय प र न हम र पर पर, इसन एक अन भज ञ जगह पर एक अनज न जगह पर ज न क र त स हस क सख य ह और इस लए हज र स ल स मछ आर न ज स हस दख य ह, न वक न ज अद य स हस स द नय म पह चन क प रय स कय ह और इस लए इस प र नई ट क न ल ज क म यम स मलन व ल स व ओ क आज हमन तय कय ह क यह स र यव थ, हम र यह ज प एस स टम न वक न म स ज न ज य ग इस यव थ क म द श क कर ड़ कर ड़ मछ आर क स दय प र न पर पर ओ क आदशर म नत ह ए द श क गर ब गर ब मछ आर क यह प र यव थ सम पर त करन क इर द स आज इस न वक न म स

3 व व पहच न ग और न वक न म स अब यह स व उपल ध ह ग यह हम र अपन न वक ह ग हम र म ब इल फ न म हम र न वक ह ग ज न वक हम, हम कह ह उसक पत द सकत ह, कह ज न ह उसक र त द सकत ह और कह पह चन ह, उसक भ हम वह न वक र त दख एग और जब म न वक क ब त कर रह ह त, ट क न ल ज क भ ष म अगर म झ कहन ह त म कह ग क navigation satellite system ज क Navigation with Indian Constellation, NAVIC, इस प म आज आपक स मन सम पर त करत ह सव स कर ड़ द शव सय क आज एक नय न वक मल गय, न वक ज हम अपन र त तय करन क लए, अपन destination तय करन क लए हम र म ज दग महस स कर न क लए क म आएग यह आसम न यव थ ओ क लए क म आएग, यह जम न यव थ ओ क लए क म आएग, यह जल क यव थ ओ क लए भ क म आएग हम र shipping यव थ ओ क भ रत क यह स व य द acccuracyक स थ उपल ध ह ग हम र र लव ; आज हम हम र र ल कब कह ह उसक ज नन क लए ज प स क उपय ग करन पड़त ह अब हम कस क र स ग स र ल कह प रस र ह य, कतन सग नल स कह द र ह, कह र लव क च ल ट र न म क ई सग नल द न ह, स चन द न ह त यह न वक क सह र हम द सकत ह हम क र स ज रह ह क टर स ज रह ह, हम र ह थ म म ब इल फ न ह, हम न वक क सह र तय कर सकत ह, कतन पह च, कह पह चन ह, कह खड़ ह एक प रक र स जन स म य क आव यकत ओ क प तर क क म अब हम र व ज ञ नक न Make in India, Made in India, Made for Indian यह सपन स क र कय ह म आज इस श भ अवसर पर सव स कर ड़ द शव सय क अपन न वक द त ह ए अ य त हषर और गवर अन भव कर रह ह और म द श क व ज ञ नक क फर एक ब र क ट क ट बध ईय द त ह बह त बह त अ भन दन करत ह और म झ व व स ह क हम र प स क स इ ट ट और नए करतब दख य ग, और नई ख ज दख य ग और भ रत क न म आसम न क उन क ष तज क प र करत ह ए व व म लहर एग हम र झ ड, इस अप क ष क स थ बह त बह त श भक मन ए बह त बह त बध ई

4 Press Information Bureau Government of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions 28-April-2016 Civil Services Examination and Indian Forest Service Examination 2016 Common Preliminary Examination The Union Public Service Commission will hold the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2016 on August 07, This Preliminary Examination will be common for the candidates applying for Civil Services Examination and Indian Forest Service Examination, and will act as a screening mechanism for selection of candidates for the Civil Services (Main) Examination and Indian Forest Service (Main)Examination. The examination will be held at 72 centers across the country, in accordance with the rules of Civil Services Examination notified in the Official Gazette on April 27, 2016 by the Department of Personnel & Training, Government of India and the Rules of Indian Forest Service Examination notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forest in the Official Gazette on April 27, Candidates are required to apply through online mode on the Commission s Website No other mode is allowed for submission of application. The commencement of filling online applications shall start from April 27, 2016and conclude on May 27, 2016 [till PM]. For details regarding the Syllabus and Scheme of the Examination, Centers of Examination, Guidelines for filling up application form etc. aspirants must visit the Commission s Website orwww.upsconline.nic.in and refer to the Notices of the above mentioned two examinations. While submitting the online applications for the Civil Service (Preliminary) Examination, the candidates will have the option to choose either the Civil Services or the Indian Forest Service or both. Therefore, before exercising their options, applicants may carefully read and understand the eligibility and other criteria contained in the detailed notices of both the Civil Services [Examination] 2016 and Indian Forest Service Examination 2016 which are available on the aforementioned Website of the Commission.

5 स प दक य स ख और सय सत स ख क भय नक असर क य पकत र ज न स मन आ रह ह मसलन, मह र ट र क ल त र म स कर ड़ क एक इ प त फ क टर स ख क वजह स ब द ह गई स ख क भय नक असर क य पकत र ज न स मन आ रह ह मसलन, मह र ट र क ल त र म स कर ड़ क एक इ प त फ क टर स ख क वजह स ब द ह गई द श क दस र य स ख क चप ट म ह बड़ प म न पर ख त च पट ह ई ह और प न क सम य लग त र और वकर ल ह त ज रह ह जल स कट क यह आलम रह, त न ज न कतन उ य ग-ध ध क स मन वज द क सव ल खड़ ह ज एग इस चत दर क स कट म कई सबक छप ह सबस पहल यह क पय र वरण और ख त क अलग-थलग करक न द ख इस ब त क ब र-ब र द हर न इस लए ज र ह क हम र न त नय त ओ क नज रए और रव ए स ऐस लगत ह क म न उ य ग क ष त र, म य फ क च र ग और स व क ष त र ह म यन रखत ह ; अगर इनक बल पर ज ड प क व द ध दर ऊ च रख ज सक त यह म न कर चल ज त ह क सब क छ ठ कठ क ह ल कन क ष क म मल क वल ज ड प क नह ह क ष क फक र हम द श क ख य स रक ष क फक र स भ ज ड़त ह और जलव य तथ पय र वरण क च त स भ उ म द थ क ब धव र क स सद म स ख पर चच र ह ग पर स त पक ष और वपक ष क य द दलच प एक द सर क घ रन व ल म म ह द श क स तर कर ड़ ल ग स ख स प रभ वत ह फर ल ग

6 पर ह नह, स ख क म र सभ पर पड़त ह, पश -प क षय स ल कर मट ट -प न -वन प त तक यह ऐस न कस न ह जसक भरप ई क ई भ र हत-य जन नह कर सकत फर भ ऐस स कट क समय सरक र स ज र यह उ म द क ज त ह क वह र हत क क यर क रम चल एग ग जर त और ह रय ण सम त कई र य म पछल स ल सत बर म ह स फ ह गय थ क स ख क ह ल त ह पर स ख क घ षण इस स ल अप र ल म ज कर क गई, जसक लए उ ह स प र म क टर क फटक र भ स नन पड़ वर ज अ भय न क य चक पर स नव ई करत ह ए क छ दन पहल सव च अद लत न क द र सरक र क भ खर -ख ट स न ई थ य चक म म ग क गई थ क स ख क म द नजर क द र क मनर ग क क धनर श ज र करन और ख य स रक ष अ ध नयम क तहत ज रतम द क ख य न म ह य कर न क नद श दय ज ए दरअसल, क द र न मनर ग क आब टन बढ़ न त द र, पछल स ल क बक य तक र य क नह दय थ, जसक वजह स र य सरक र ज रतम द क क म द न स कतर रह थ यह उस सरक र क ह ल ह ज ग र म उदय स भ रत उदय क दम भरत ह उसक प स स मनर ग क बक य धनर श नकलव न क लए अद लत क नद श क ज रत पड़त ह यह सह ह क स ख कम ब रश क द न ह पर यह क दरत पहल ह, स ख क म नव-ज नत आय म भ ह प न क बब र द और प न क क प रब ध क स थ-स थ पहल स चल आ रह ख त - कस न क स कट न स ख क म र क और घ तक बन दय ह ख त अगर ल भक र ध ध ह त, त एक म सम क म र कस न सहजत स सह ल त, ज स क व स दय स सहत आए थ पर ख त क प स न ल यक न रह ज न स म सम क प र तक लत उनक लए घ र म स बत बन कर आत ह भ जप न व द कय थ क वह स त म आई त कस न क उनक उपज क ल गत स ड ढ़ ग न द म दल एग पर उसन अब इस पर च प स ध ल ह! A higher well-being

7 In this article, we argue that the actual well-being of the household will be higher than what is indicated by the poverty line, if we take into account public expenditure along with private expenditure. The official poverty ratios in India are estimated using certain minimum level of private consumer expenditure on food and non-food items. For example, according to the Rangarajan Committee report on poverty, the monthly per capita consumption expenditure of Rs 972 in rural areas and Rs 1,407 in urban areas was treated as the poverty line at the all-india level in This level of private expenditure has to be seen in the context of public expenditure being incurred in areas like health, education, food security, sanitation and drinking water. In this article, we argue that the actual wellbeing of the household will be higher than what is indicated by the poverty line, if we take into account public expenditure along with private expenditure. This aspect is specifically dealt with by the Rangarajan Committee. The issue of public expenditure on the social sector has been mentioned in earlier committees on poverty as well. For example, the 1962 expert group of the Perspective Planning Division of the Planning Commission recommended a national minimum of private consumption expenditure on food and non-food items for estimating poverty ratios. The committee report says that this national minimum excludes expenditure on

8 health and education, both of which are expected to be provided by the state according to the Constitution and in the light of its other commitments. Similarly, the Lakdawala Committee on Poverty (1993) says the poverty line derived from personal consumption patterns and levels does not take into account items of social consumption such as basic education and health, drinking water supply, sanitation, environmental standards, etc in terms of normative requirements or effective access. It also says consumption of free goods and services provided by the state or charitable institutions is not recorded. Social consumption of these publicly provided services is in the nature of transfer from the government to the people. In other words, the real levels of living of the poor, inclusive of social consumption are expected to be higher than what is reflected through the estimates of private consumption expenditure reported in NSS data. Public expenditure, particularly in the areas of health, education, food, sanitation, etc, constitutes a significant proportion of the total consumer expenditure of these items. Their proportion is high particularly among the poor as these services are provided either free or at nominal cost to them. In the seven-year period to , public expenditures on education and health per capita at constant prices have nearly doubled with an implied compound annual growth rate of close to 10 per cent per annum (Table 1). Given that these services are, typically, provided at heavily subsidised prices, if not given free, the reported private expenditures as captured in the NSS Consumer Expenditure Surveys on them would be lower than their true value. However, in the absence of data on the distribution of the public expenditures on these social services by the size-class of private consumption expenditure, they cannot be factored into either the construction of the poverty line or in the assessment of their impact on measured poverty. However, it is reasonable to assume that the bulk of the public expenditures on health and education would have gone to meet the needs of the lower deciles of the population.

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10 Unlike in education and health, in the case of the PDS, we do have information on the monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) of households using PDS and the quantities of grains, etc bought. One could, therefore, analyse the impact of PDS on measured poverty. Abhijit Sen and Himanshu (2013) estimate the size of PDS transfers and the impact of these transfers on poverty. According to their estimates, the value of PDS transfer was 2.4 per cent of MPCE for the population as a whole and 5.2 per cent of MPCE for the bottom 40 per cent. In other words, the poor benefited more than others due to these in-kind food transfers. Their study also shows that with PDS transfers, the total poverty ratio (Tendulkar methodology) was per cent in Without PDS transfers, the poverty ratio was higher at per cent in the same year. A survey on Social Consumption: Education was conducted in NSS 71st round (January-June 2014). In this survey, information was obtained for each student on various educational incentives received by them, such as free education or tuition fee waivers, scholarship/ stipend/ reimbursement, free books or stationery or at a subsidised price, mid-day meal, student s concession in public transport, etc. Table 2 provides the proportion of students receiving scholarships in the rural and urban categories for each quintile class of MPCE. The percentage of students receiving scholarships was higher for lower quintile classes. For example, in rural areas, 33 per cent of students received scholarships for the bottom quintile compared to that of 13 per cent for the highest quintile. The table also shows that female students were getting more scholarships than male students. The survey on education also shows that around 57 per cent of male and 63 per cent of female students were getting free education in primary schools. In the case of upper primary, these percentages were 58 per cent for male students and 64 per cent for female students. Regarding secondary schools, 32 per cent of male students and 37 per cent of female students were getting free education. The proportion of students getting free education must be much higher for the poor. Similarly, the poor must be getting higher benefits from the public expenditure on health.

11 To conclude, it is suggested here that increased public expenditure on health, education and other social services will have to be taken into account while assessing the trends in poverty. This is because the actual well-being is higher than what is indicated by the poverty line and it has policy implications. Rangarajan is chairman, Madras School of Economics. Dev is director, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai. Nowhere to go India s jobless growth is undermining its ability to reap the demographic dividend According to Census 2011, the average growth rate of the economy was 7.7 per cent per annum, when it was only 1.8 per cent for employment. The last quarterly survey by the Labour Bureau showed that India has never created so few jobs, since the survey started in 2009, as in 2015: Only 1.35 lakh jobs compared to more than nine lakh in 2011 and 4.19 lakh in 2013 in eight labour-intensive industries (the only ones that are surveyed). These figures are particularly alarming since almost one million new people enter the job market every month. As President Pranab Mukherjee said last month, The Indian economy today needs to generate 115 million non-farm jobs over the next decade to gainfully employ its workforce and reap its demographic dividend. That is not the direction in which India is going.

12 In fact, the Economic Survey last year (this issue was hardly mentioned in this year s Economic Survey) showed that during the last decade ( ), the growth rate of the labour force (2.23 per cent) was significantly higher than the growth rate of employment (1.4 per cent), which itself was several-fold less than the growth rate of the economy. According to Census 2011, the average growth rate of the economy was 7.7 per cent per annum, when it was only 1.8 per cent for employment. This jobless growth, which has been more dramatic in the last two years, is probably the main issue of the Indian economy today. It is largely responsible for demonstrations by young Patels of Gujarat and Jats of Haryana in the name of reservations. Since they can t get jobs in the private sector, they fall back on government jobs. But the public sector is shrinking: Government jobs, which were 19.5 million in , are about 17 million today. Not only are jobs fewer than before but those that are created are precarious and badly paid because of the informalisation of the economy. In fact, the share of registered manufacturing in employment peaked in Jobless growth may be explained in many different ways, but two factors in particular need to be highlighted. First, India has an employability problem. While the services can rather easily recruit skilled white-collar workers (IT engineers, English-speaking people for the call centres, etc), the industry cannot transform peasants into factory workers so quickly. Such a transition requires basic training, which is missing. The 2015 Economic Survey assessed that 6.8 per cent persons aged 15 years and above are reported to have received/ be receiving vocational training. These data reflect a larger problem: Primary and secondary education, where the dropout rate remains very high, provides a poor education. In this context, the minuscule increase in the share of education in the budget, from 3 to 3.1 per cent, will hardly make any significant difference. The fact that the government seems to rely on private initiatives in this domain also stands in stark contrast to an obvious reality: No country has developed without a robust public education system.

13 The second factor that needs to be pointed out pertains to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Their labour intensity is four times higher than that of large firms. The multinationals are particularly capitalistic, as evident from the commitments/ promises expressed during the last Make in India Week in February. While the investment commitments were impressive at $225 billion over five years, the fact that they would translate into the creation of 6 million jobs only was not trumpeted. In fact, the Make in India programme is revealing of the jobless growth syndrome: Highly capitalistic multinationals will start factories in India to sell their products to the whitecollar middle class but will not create the manufacturing workforce the country is longing for. SMEs, which employ 40 per cent of the workforce of the country and which represent about 45 per cent of India s manufacturing output and 40 per cent of India s total exports, are in a better position to do so but they are not treated well. First, they have poor access to credit. According to Ram Jass Yadav s survey, Issues in SME financing, approximately 95 per cent of units still require to be brought into banking fold. As a result, they get a small share of the net credit of India s domestic banks, whereas these banks are mandated to register at least 20 per cent year-to-year growth in credit to micro and small enterprises. Instead of increasing their loans to SMEs, public banks are asked to lend money to big companies. Second, the SMEs are badly affected by the erosion of state protections which harked back to the Gandhian era. After Independence, cottage industries benefited from a form of positive discrimination: Hundreds of items were reserved to them. Neoliberals criticised this infringement on the law of the market. Last year, The Economist hailed the decision of the Union government to remove this absurd system in the case of the making of furniture. But the new policy may be more absurd if it results in the replacement of carpenters by machines that highly capitalistic big companies will import from abroad, on the top of it. Incidentally, that was one of the dimensions of the Nehruvian model that the Bania-oriented Jana Sangh of the 1950s-60s had approved of, under the aegis of Deendayal Upadhyaya a great promoter of SMEs. But the BJP

14 relates to the business world in a different manner, at least since the Pramod Mahajan years. Third, the big companies are also the main beneficiaries of the fiscal policy of the government. The total amount of tax exemptions represent Rs 5,50,000 crore in the budget, including Rs 1,84,764 crore for Central excise duties and Rs 3,01,688 crore for customs duties. The big corporate houses, which have sometimes also established their own SEZs, largely profit by this infringement on the law of market. The rationale of crony capitalism is the same all over the world: Those who pay for electoral campaigns and who command other forms of influence can somewhat dictate their terms, even if this balance of power results in distortions of the market economy and the creation of fewer jobs. *******